FY 2023 Omnibus Appropriations – Top Federal Departments and Agencies

Congress has passed the FY 2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e. omnibus), finalizing FY 2023 budgets for federal departments and agencies which have been operating under multiple continuing resolutions (CR) since October. All federal departments and agencies are now funded through September 2023, the end of the current fiscal year.

FY 2023 Appropriations – Key Departments

Below, we look at how many of the largest and most influential departments are funded for FY 2023.

Defense

The appropriation provides $797.7B in total discretionary funds for the Department of Defense (DOD), an increase of $69.3B above the FY 2022 level.

Military department funding highlights include:

Air Force

• Provides $60.3B for Operations and Maintenance (excluding Reserves and National Guard) and $4.1B for Space Force O&M, $5.2B and $665M more than enacted in FY 2022, respectively
• Provides $54.0B for Procurement, $8.4B more than the level enacted in FY 2022
• Allocates $44.9B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, $3B more than enacted in FY 2022

Army

• Includes $59B for Operations and Maintenance (excluding Army Reserves and National Guard), $4.0B more than enacted in FY 2022
• Provides $23.6B for Procurement, $835M more than the level enacted in FY 2022
• Allocates $17.15B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, $2.6B more than enacted in FY 2022

Navy

• Provides $68.3B for Navy Operations and Maintenance (excluding Reserves) and $9.9B for Marine Corps O&M, $5.8B and $715M more than enacted in FY 2022, respectively
• Provides Procurement funding of $68.9B for Navy and $3.9B for the Marine Corps, $8.5B and $576M more than the levels enacted in FY 2022, respectively
• Allocates $26B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, $3.9B more than enacted in FY 2022

Defense Agencies

• Includes $49.6B for Operations and Maintenance, $3.7B more than enacted in FY 2022
• Provides $6.14B for Procurement, a reduction of $37M from the level enacted in FY 2022
• Allocates $34.6B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, $5.5B more than the level enacted in FY 2022

Ukraine Support

The funding bill includes an additional $45B as part of the fourth Ukraine supplemental appropriation.

• Includes $9.3B for the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative for training, equipment, weapons, supplies and services, salaries and stipends, and intelligence support to Ukraine’s military. This also supports European allies and partners facing Russian aggression
• Provides $11.9B to replenish United States stocks of equipment sent to Ukraine
• Supplies $7B for European Command operations and related activities for mission support, intelligence support, pay, equipment, and related activities
• Provides $6M for the DOD Inspector General for oversight and reporting on activities to execute these funds and requires the DOD to report on measures taken to require enhanced end-use monitoring of equipment provided to Ukraine

Agriculture

The appropriation provides $25.5B in discretionary budget authority for the Department of Agriculture and Food and Drug Administration, a $2.5B increase from the level received in FY 2022.

Funding highlights include:

• Provides $3.45B for the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
• Allocates $351M in discretionary funding for Rural Development (RD)
• Allots $1.2B for the Farm Service Agency (FSA)
• Supplies $248.7M for the Farm Production and Conservation Business Center
• Provides $1.2B for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), of which $4.3M is for information technology infrastructure
• Funds the USDA Office of the Chief Information Officer with $92M, of which $77.4M is for cybersecurity requirements

Commerce

The appropriation provides $11.2B in net discretionary funding, $1.3B over FY 2022 enacted levels.

Funding highlights include:

• Funds the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at $6.4B, an increase of $475M over FY 2022, and includes $1.3B for the National Weather Service to procure future weather satellites and systems
• Authorizes $4.2B for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
• Provides $939M towards new or reauthorized programs by the CHIPS and Science Act, including $500M for the Regional Technology and Innovation Program, and $188M for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Manufacturing Extension Program
• Provides $498M to the Economic Development Administration, an increase of $125M over FY 2022, and includes $121M for the Public Works program to aid AEC projects in distressed communities

Education

The appropriation provides $79.6B in discretionary budget authority for Education, a $3.2B increase from FY 2022 enacted levels.

Funding highlights include:

• Provides $18.4B for Title I Grants for high-poverty schools and $15.5B for special education programs for students with disabilities
• Includes $24.6B for federal student aid programs, a $34M increase over the FY 2022 level
• Supports students at Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs), Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic Serving Institutions, and Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities with over $1B
• Promotes the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) with $808M, a $71M increase

Energy

The appropriation provides $46.5B in discretionary funding, a $1.7B increase above FY 2022 enacted dollars.

Funding highlights include:

• Allots $22.2B to the National Nuclear Security Administration, including $17.1B for Weapons Activities, $2.5B for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation activities, and $2.1B for Naval Reactors
• Provides $8.1M to the Office of Science, a $625M increase above FY 2022 enacted levels and $301M above the FY 2023 budget request to bolster scientific research and understanding in energy innovation
• Allocates $3.5B for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, including $471M for state and community energy programs
• Funds the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) at $470M to advance new energy technologies
• Includes $200M for Cybersecurity, Energy Security and Emergency Response (CESER), an increase of $14M above the FY 2022 enacted level
• Contains $126M in additional funds for Ukraine

Health and Human Services

The appropriation provides $120.7B in discretionary budget authority for HHS, a $9.9B increase from the FY 2022 enacted level.

Funding highlights include:

• Accelerates the pace of scientific breakthroughs for diseases such as ALS, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and cancer with $47.5B for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • Includes $7.3B for the National Cancer Institute, including $216M for the NCI component of the Cancer Moonshot
  • Contains $3.7B for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias research
  • Supports the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) with $1.5B
• Supports public health efforts and helps states and local governments strengthen infrastructure and capacity with $9.2B for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Addresses urgent health issues with over $1B for maternal and child health, $2.8B for mental health, and $4.2B for substance use treatment
• Funds the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) with $9.7B, an increase of $852M above the FY 2022 enacted level
• Provides Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) with $4.1B for administrative expenses, an increase of $100M
• Supports the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) $35B in funding, an increase of $2.5B, which includes $2.4B for resettlement and other support services for Ukrainian arrivals and refugees

Homeland Security

The appropriation provides $60.7B in discretionary funding, $3.2B above the FY 2022 enacted level. Additionally, the appropriation provides $20.0B in major disaster funding.

Funding highlights include:

• Provides $16.7B for Customers and Border Protection (CBP), $1.8B above the FY 2022 enacted level, including $230M for border technology and $68M to operate and sustain current border technology programs
• Allocates $8.4B to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), $161M above the FY 2022 enacted level, including $6.5B for Homeland Security Investigations and Enforcement and Removal Operations activities
• Allots nearly $9.3B for the Transportation Security Agency (TSA), $836M above the FY 2022 enacted level, including $398M to implement TSA personnel system, $105M for computed tomography (CT) and $22M for credential authentication technology (CAT)
• Appropriates $11.6B for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), $140M above the FY 2022 enacted level, including
• $1.7B for USCG air and marine fleet, and facilities, including $415M for shore facilities and other infrastructure
• Provides $2.9B for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), $314M above the FY 2022 enacted level, including 214M to advance CISA’s Cybersecurity Operations, $44M for Risk Management Operations, and $27M for Infrastructure Security activities
• Supplies $25.7B for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), $1.5B above the FY 2022 enacted level, including $20B in disaster relief funding
• Allocates $268M for the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), of which $110M is for the E-Verify program
• Apportions $431M for the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office (CWMD), $21M below the FY 2022 enacted level
• Provides $901M for the Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), $14.1M above the FY 2022 enacted level

Housing and Urban Development

The appropriation provides $58.2B for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, an increase of $4.5B over the level enacted in FY 2022.

Funding highlights include:

• Includes $12.6B for new affordable housing, critical health, safety, and maintenance improvements to ensure the safety and quality of public and low-income housing, including new support for manufactured housing, and community development activities
• Provides $30.3B for tenant-based rental assistance to continue to serve more than 2.3 million very low- and extremely low-income households
• Proposes $374.7M for IT, of which $24M is slated for development, modernization, and enhancement programs

Interior

The appropriation provides $14.7B in discretionary funding, a $574M increase over FY 2022 enacted levels.

Funding highlights include:

• Funds the National Park Service at $3.5B, with increases for the Operation of the National Park System program ($2.9B), Historic Preservation Fund ($205M), and the National Recreation and Preservation effort ($93M)
• Allots $4.0B to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Education, and Office of the Special Trustee, an increase of $299M over FY 2022
• Includes $1.8B for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Provides $1.5B for the U.S. Geological Survey
• Allocates $1.5B for the Bureau of Land Management, with a focus on chronically underfunded National Conservation Lands

Justice

The appropriation provides $38.7B in discretionary funding, $3.5B over FY 2022 enacted dollars.

Funding highlights include:

• Appropriates $11.3B to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), an additional $570M over FY 2022, and $524M above the FY 2023 budget request, to strengthen extremist violence and domestic terrorism investigations
• Funds the Bureau of Prisons at $8.7B, with an additional $410M to fully fund First Step Act programs and activities
• Includes $4.4B for state and local law enforcement grants such as the Byrne-Justice Assistance Grants ($771M), Violence Against Women Act ($700M), and Community Oriented Policing Services ($663M)
• Provides $2.6B to the U.S. Attorney’s Office, supporting prosecutions related to the January 6 attack on the Capitol
• Allocates $1.8B to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) to combat gun violence

Labor

The appropriation provides $13.8B in discretionary budget authority for Labor, a $652M increase from the FY 2022 enacted level.

Funding highlights include:

• Funds the Employment and Training Administration with $10.5B, an increase of $545M above FY 2022, to support Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act State Grants, Registered Apprenticeships, Job Corps, the Senior Community Service Employment for Older Americans Program, and operation of the Unemployment Insurance program
• Provides $299M for the National Labor Relations Board to ensure workers have a voice in their workplace and to protect their rights to collective bargaining
• Supports workers with $1.9B for Worker Protection agencies, including the Wage and Hour Division and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Combats abusive labor practices abroad with $116M for the International Labor Affairs Bureau

NASA

The appropriation provides $25.4B in base discretionary funding, a $1.3B increase over FY 2022 enacted levels.

Funding highlights include:

• Appropriates $7.8B for NASA Science programs, including $3.2B for Planetary Science, $2.2B for Earth Science, and $1.5B for Astrophysics
• Supports advancements in human space flight, including $2.6B for the Space Launch System, $1.5B for lunar landers, and $1.3B for the Orion program
• Funds Aeronautics research with $935M, with emphasis on improving fuel efficiency and electric flight efforts
• Bolsters NASA’s STEM Engagement education programs with $144M, and includes funding for the Space Grant consortium and Minority University Research and Education Project

State Department

The appropriation provides $59.7B in discretionary funding, $3.6B above fiscal year 2022 enacted level. including $8B for Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO). The total appropriation is $820M above the FY 2020 enacted level.

Funding highlights include:

• Provides more than $17B for the operational costs of the State Department and related agencies, including $5.8B for embassy security
• Allocates $9.5B for the State’s Diplomatic Programs and $1.7B for USAID’s Operating Expenses
• Allots $8.9B for international security assistance for international narcotics control and law enforcement activities, antiterrorism programs, nonproliferation programs, peacekeeping operations, and other critical international security efforts
• Includes $2B for bilateral and multilateral climate and other environment programs, including $260M for clean energy programs, $150M for the Global Environment Facility and $125M for the Clean Technology Fund
• Provides $40M for the Open Technology Fund and $90M for Global Internet Freedom initiatives, each receiving $13M above their FY 2022 enacted levels
• Supplies $560M in international security assistance for Ukraine and other countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine, plus additional $166M for the State Department and USAID to respond to the situation in Ukraine, including $13.5M for State and USAID Inspectors General for oversight of Ukraine response activities

Transportation

The appropriation provides $106.3B for the Department of Transportation, an increase of $3.4B above the fiscal year 2022 enacted level and $1.9B above the president’s 2023 budget request.

Funding highlights include:

• Requests $62.9B (inc. mandatory funding) for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), $3.5B of which is for highway infrastructure programs and projects
• Contains $19B for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), $564M above fiscal year 2022. Includes $1.6B for Aviation Safety and $558.6M for Airport Improvement Grants and projects
• Allocates $16.9B for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), of which $13.6B is for Transit Formula Grants to expand bus fleets
• Includes $48.1M for the DOT’s cybersecurity requirement

Treasury

The appropriation provides $14.2B in discretionary budget authority for Treasury, a 0.7% decrease from the FY 2022 enacted level.

Funding highlights include:

• Includes $12.3B for the IRS, which is $275M decrease from the FY 2022 level. Funds have not been provided for business systems modernization because unobligated balances are still available from the American Rescue Plan
  • Provides $2.8B for taxpayer services to include tax counseling for the elderly, Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic Grants, and operating expenses of the IRS Taxpayer Advocate Service
  • Provides $5.4B for tax enforcement activities which include investigative technology for the Criminal Investigation Division and funding for the Interagency Crime and Drug Enforcement program
• Provides a $20.9M increase for a total of $216M for the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence to fight terrorist financing and enhance economic sanctions enforcement for human rights, corruption, and other sanctions programs
• Funds the Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund with $324M to promote economic and community development in low-income communities, an increase of $29M over FY 2022
• Combats crime and corruption with $190M to fight money laundering through the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

Veterans Affairs

The appropriation provides $134.7B in discretionary budget authority for VA, an increase of $22.5B from the FY 2022 enacted level.

Funding highlights include:

• Provides $118.7B for Veterans Medical Care to meet veterans’ comprehensive health care needs, including:
  • $13.9B for Mental Healthcare to provide treatment and support for the 2 million veterans receiving mental health services, including $498M for suicide prevention outreach
  • $183.3M for substance use disorder programs and $663M for opioid abuse prevention
  • $2.7B for Homeless Assistance Programs to better reach homeless veterans
  • Includes $128.1B in advance FY 2024 funding for Veterans Medical Care to provide for medical services, medical community care, medical support and compliance, and medical facilities
• Invests $16B in additional VA programs, including support for the Veterans Benefits Administration, medical and prosthetic research, construction programs, and the VA electronic health record system
• Include $5B in new mandatory funds for the Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund, established to support costs related to providing veterans and their families the benefits and care associated with the eligibility expansions included in the Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act of 2022

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GovWin Federal Market Analysis (FMA) team members Christine Fritsch, Angie Petty and Alex Rossino contributed to this article.