Congress Passes FY 2025 Appropriations – Top Federal Departments and Agencies

Congress has passed the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, finalizing fiscal year (FY) 2025 funding for federal departments and agencies, which have been operating under multiple continuing resolutions (CR) since October. All federal departments and agencies are now funded through September 2025, the end of the current fiscal year, largely at the levels they received for FY 2024. However, Congress did make numerous adjustments to several departmental programs to align with key priorities of the new Trump Administration.

FY 2025 Appropriations – Key Departments

Below, we look at how many of the largest and most influential departments are funded for the remaining months of FY 2025, highlighting observations of changes from FY 2024 levels, using available data sources ranging from appropriations to budget artifacts.

Defense Department Provisions

The appropriation provides an overall increase for the Department of Defense (DOD) of roughly $6B over the FY 2024 level of $824.5B.

In addition to the 0.7% funding boost, Congress gave DOD some breathing room in how they execute their budget for the remaining months of the fiscal year. Section 1409 of the bill provides DOD with flexibility to resume or initiate new programs that were included in the respective House and Senate FY 2025 DOD appropriations bills. This is intended to help alleviate some of the challenges with operating under a CR, which usually requires adhering to funding levels and priorities designated in the previous year’s appropriation. To provide further flexibility, Congress also temporarily increased the percentage of DOD obligations permitted within the final two months of fiscal year (August and September) from 20- to 40 percent (Sec. 1411) and increased DOD’s funding transfer authority from $6B to $8B (Sec. 1412).

Military department funding highlights include:

Air Force

The Department of the Air Force (DAF) receives $251.0B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• $79.6B for Operations and Maintenance (inc. Air Force, Space Force, AF Reserves and Air National Guard), of which $1.3B is for the U.S. Space Force (USSF) ($1.9B increase DAF-wide)
• $65.3B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, of which $18.5B is for the USSF ($645M decrease DAF-wide)
• $55.7B for AF Procurement (of which $31B is for Other Procurement) and $3.9B for USSF Procurement ($1.9B decrease DAF-wide)
• $3.9B for Military Construction (inc. Air Force, Space Force, AF Reserves and Air National Guard) ($328M increase)
• $46.2B for Military Personnel (inc. Air Force, Space Force, AF Reserves and Air National Guard), of which $1.3B is for the USSF ($1.0B increase DAF-wide)

Army

The Department of the Army receives $178.8B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• $85.7B for Operations and Maintenance (inc. Regular Army, Army Reserves and Army National Guard) ($16.1B decrease)
• $14.3B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation ($15.7B decrease)
• $8.7B for Other Procurement ($400M increase)
• $3.2B for Military Construction (inc. Regular Army, Army Reserves and Army National Guard) ($5.7B decrease)
• $66.7B for Military Personnel (inc. Regular Army, Army Reserves and Army National Guard) ($1.7B decrease)

Navy

The Department of Navy (DON) receives $246.4B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• $85.5B for Operations and Maintenance (inc. Navy, US Marine Corps (USMC), Navy Reserves and USMC Reserves) ($1.6B increase)
• $25.9B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation ($2.0B decrease)
• $76.1B for DON Procurement (of which $15.1B is for Other Procurement) ($2.7B decrease)
• $4.4B for Military Construction (inc. Navy, USMC and Navy Reserves) ($1.4B decrease)
• $85.5B for Military Personnel (inc. Navy, US Marine Corps (USMC), Navy Reserves and USMC Reserves) ($1.6B increase)

Defense Agencies

The Defense Agencies receive $140.9B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• $53.4B for Operations and Maintenance ($3.9B decrease)
• $35.2B for Research, Development Test and Evaluation ($1.9B decrease)
• $5.7B for Procurement ($500M decrease)
• $40.4B for the Defense Health Program ($4.7B decrease)
• $4.9B for Military Construction ($1.2B increase)

Civilian Departments and Agencies

Agriculture

The Department of Agriculture (USDA) receives $14.8B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Food and Nutrition Service’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) receives $7.6B ($287M decrease)
• The Forest Service’s Wildfire Suppression Operations Reserve Fund receives $2.4B ($300M increase)
• The Food Safety and Inspection Service receives $1.2B ($300M decrease)
• The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service receives $1.1B ($1.0B decrease)
• The Natural Resources Conservation Service receives $896M for Conservation Operations ($304M decrease)

Commerce

The Department of Commerce received $10.8 in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The National Institute of Standards and Technology receives ($945M)
  • $857M for Scientific and Technical Research and Services ($223 decrease)
  • $88M for Construction of Research Facilities ($80M decrease)
• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration receives $4.41B for Operations, Research and Facilities ($140M decrease)

Energy

The Department of Energy received $50.2B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Energy Programs receive $170M
  • Energy Projects account was zeroed out. ($84M decrease)
  • Title 17 Innovative Technology Loan receives $170M ($100M increase)
• The Atomic Energy Defense Activities, National Nuclear Security Administration receives $21.69B
  • $19.3B for Weapons Activities ($185M increase)
  • $2.4B for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation ($185 decrease)
• The Environmental and Other Defense Activities receives $1.1B for Other Defense Activities ($27M increase)

Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency received $24.2B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Science and Technology receives $756M ($2M decrease)
• Environmental Programs and Management $3.2B ($17M increase)
• State and Tribal Assistance receives $4.4B ($39M decrease)

Health and Human Services

The Department of Health and Human Services received $117.4B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) receives $941M under The Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Account ($630M increase in new budget authority)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) receives $127M for the NIH Innovation Account, CURES Act ($204M decrease)
• The CR authorizes registration user fees from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) for the OPTN Modernization initiative
• Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) receives $220M HRSA-wide Activities and Program ($880M decrease)
• The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) receives $3.6B for Payments for Foster Care and Permanency ($6.2B decrease), and $1.6B for Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support Programs ($3.7B decrease)

Homeland Security

The Department of Homeland Security received $61.8B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) receives $9.9B for Operations and Support ($485M increase)
• Transportation Safety Administration (TSA) receives $10.6B for Operations and Support ($450M increase)
• U.S. Coast Guard receives $10.4B for Operations and Support ($360M increase)
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) receives $3.2B for its Federal Assistance program ($294M decrease)
• FEMA also receives $22.5B for the Disaster Relief Fund ($2.2B increase)

Interior

The Department of Interior received $14.7B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Bureau of Land Management receives $1.3B for Management of Lands and Resources (-$150M decrease)
• The Bureau of Reclamation receives $1,7B for Water and Related Resources ($41M decrease)
• The Fish and Wildlife Service receives $1.5B for Resource Management ($45M decrease)
• The National Park Service receives $3.15B
  • $89.6M for National Recreation and Preservation ($2M decrease)
  • $168.9M for Historic Preservation Fund ($20M decrease)
  • $2.89B for Operation of the National Park System ($6M increase)
• The United States Geological Survey receives $1.45B for Surveys, Investigations, and Research ($5M decrease)
• The Bureau of Indian Affairs receives $1.9B for Operation of Indian Programs ($841M decrease)
• The Department-Wide Programs receive
  • $360M for Wildfire Suppression Operations Reserve Fund (10M increase)
  • $1.47B for Wildland Fire Management" ($34M increase)

Justice

The Department of Justice received $37.5B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Office of Justice Programs receives $2.0B for State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance ($700M decrease)
• Justice Operations, Management, And Accountability receives an additional $38M for the Justice Information Sharing Technology (JIST) Account to bolster DOJ cybersecurity operations
• Justice receives $417M for Community Oriented Policing Services Programs (COPS) ($216M decrease)
• The U.S. Marshals Service receives $2.2B for the Federal Prisoner Detention Account ($100M increase)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) received $24.9B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Safety, Security and Mission Services receives $3.1B ($37M decrease)

Small Business Administration

The SBA received $1.0B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Provides $406M for the SBA Disaster Loans Program ($231M increase)

State

The Department of State received $52.5B in FY 2024 appropriations for departmental and foreign operations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Zeroes-out the $2M provided in FY 2024 for the Commission on Reform and Modernization of the Department of State
• Reduces Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities to $1.2B ($133M decrease)
• Reduces Contribution to the Asian Development Fund to $43.6M (a 50% decrease)

Transportation

The Department of Transportation (DOT) receives $16.2B in FY 2025 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) receives $10.1B for Air Traffic Operations ($3.6B decrease)
• The FAA receives $3.2B for Facilities and Equipment ($400M decrease)
• The Federal Highway Administration receives $321M for Highway Infrastructure Programs ($9.0B decrease)
• The Federal Railroad Administration receives $100M for Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements ($1.1B decrease)
• The Maritime Administration receives $50M for the Port Infrastructure Development Program ($250M decrease)

Treasury

The Department of Treasury received $14.2B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• Treasury receives $10M for Debt Restructuring activities

Veterans Affairs

The Department of Veterans Affairs received $134.8B in FY 2024 appropriations. Congress made the following adjustments in the final FY 2025 CR:

• The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) receives $30.2B for Compensation and Pensions, $25.2B for Readjustment Benefits, $6.0B for the Cost of War Toxic Exposure Fund, and $132M for Veterans Insurance and Indemnities, beginning October 1, 2025
• The VA receives $75.0B for the Medical Services Account beginning October 1, 2025, with $2.0B available until September 30, 2027
• The VA receives $34.0B for the Medical Community Care Account beginning October 1, 2025, with $2.0B available until September 30, 2027
• The VA receives $12.7B for the Medical Support and Compliance Account beginning October 1, 2025, with $350M available until September 30, 2027
• The VA receives $9.7B for the Medical Facilities Account beginning October 1, 2025, with $500M available until September 30, 2027

New OMB Contract Obligation Reporting Requirements

In addition to the funding and other provisions noted above, Congress included a provision relating to FY 2025 contract obligation levels by federal agencies.

Section 1114 of the CR requires the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to begin reporting monthly to the congressional appropriations committees on all contract obligations incurred in FY 2025. Beginning by mid-May, and each month through November 1, 2025, OMB is to report on FY 2025 obligations by each federal department and agency, with a comparison of the obligations incurred in the same period in FY 2024.

There is no provision in the CR that would require these reports to be made public, so GovWin will maintain to our obligation reporting capabilities to enable our users to assess ongoing market conditions.

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